英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，但是只有及物动词才有被动语态结构。 主动语态改成被动语态时，应将主动语态中的宾语变成被动语态中的主语，再加上系动词be，加上动词过去分词结构以及介词by短语等。　　

主动语态和被动语态可以同下面常用的动词时态连用：　　

1.主动语态中的主语后面接一般现在时再加上宾语时，改成被动语态时，应将主动语态中的宾语置于前面变成主语，加上系动词be加过去分词，加上介词by短语。如： 　　

(1) The man speaks Russian.改成被动语态应是Russian is spoken by the man.(2) We teach English in our school. .改成被动语态应是English is taught (by us )in our school.(3)They make cars in the factory.改成被动语态应是Cars are made (by them) in the factory.(4)The young man often does the housework at home.应该改为The housework is often done by the young man at home .　　

结合上述情况请做下面句子中的将主动语态改为被动语态结构的练习：　　

(1) These students usually finish their homework after school.　　

(2) The professor sometimes helps the students do the experiments.　　

(3) That old woman never washes her clothes .　　

(4) My father often makes much noise when he is in hospital.　　

2.主动语态中的主语后面接动词的一般过去时，改为被动语态时，应将主动语态中的宾语放在句首，加上系动词was或were再加上过去分词或加上介词短语by结构。如：(1)The cook baked a lot of cakes yesterday.改为被动语态应该改为A lot of cakes were baked( by the cook) yesterday.(2)John did some cleaning in the classroom an hour ago.改成被动语态应该改成Some cleaning was done (by John) in the classroom an hour ago.(3)Those terrorists kidnapped the little boys last week.改为被动语态应是The little boys were kidnapped last week(by those terrorists).(4) Bob hit him in the face.改成被动语态应是He was hit in the face.　　

根据主动语态改成被动语态的规则，当动词为一般过去时时，试做下列练习：　　

(1) The monitor broke the window yesterday.　　

(2) She made a speech at the meeting last October.　　

(3) Those ladies didn’t sweep the floor the day before yesterday.　　

(4) We repaired the transistor radios last month.　　

3.主动语态和现在进行时连用，后面跟宾语时，改为被动语态时，应该将主动语态中的宾语改为主语，再加上am/is/are being done 加上by介词短语结构。如(1)They are flying the kites on the playground now.改为被动语态应该将主动语态中的宾语置于句首The kites are being flown (by them )on the playground now.(2)He is playing the violin in his room.改为被动语态应把主动语态中的宾语放在前面The violin is being played (by him) in his room.(3)I am mending a machine at the workshop.改为被动语态时应将宾语摆在最前面A machine is being mended (by me) at the workshop.(4)She is giving me a very good book.改成被动语态时应将主动句中的宾语提前A very good book is being given to me.当然也可以将间接宾语提前I am being given a very good book.　　

根据主动语态变为被动语态的规则，结合实际，认真完成以下练习：　　

(1) We are eating some fresh vegetables now.　　

(2) He is making up many important exercises for the students in class.　　

(3) I am helping my mother.　　

(4) They are casting a net near the river now.　　

4.主动语态后面接过去进行时，改为被动语态时，应该将主动句中的宾语提前改为主语再加上系动词结构was/were being , 然后加上动词的过去分词，最后加上介词短语by结构。如:(1)Jack and Cindy were putting on an attractive play at the dinning hall.应改成被动语态An attractive play was being put on(by Jack and Cindy) at the dinning hall.(2)The young pianist was playing lots of American folk songs at this time last Monday.改成被动语态时应是Lots of American folk songs were being played(by the pianist) at this time last Monday.(3)The pretty girl was writing a material about the competition at eight yesterday morning.改成被动语态时应是将主动态中的宾语放在前面作被动态中的主语A material about the competition was being written (by the pretty girl)at eight yesterday morning.(4)They were stopping the enemies in front of their village.改成被动语态应是The enemies were being stopped in front of their village.　　

根据主动语态后接过去进行时的规律，请仔细做下面练习：　　

( 1 )You were telling a lie this time last Tuesday.　　

（2）The peasant was pulling up the weeds at six yesterday morning.　　

（3）We were having quite an interesting chemistry class at that moment.　　

（4）Those women were discussing some important questions just then.　　

5.主动语态和一般将来时使用，改成被动语态时，应该将主动语态中的宾语改为被动态中的主语，然后加上am/is/are going to be 加动词的过去分词形式或will be 后加过去分词形式，再接介词短语by结构。如：（1）She is going to review her lessons tomorrow．这句话改为被动语态应该是Her lessons is going to be reviewed by her tomorrow.(2) They are going to meet their friends next week.改为被动语态时应是Their friends are going to be met by them tomorrow.(3)We will take these treasures to some foreign countries.改成被动语态应该是These treasures will be taken to some foreign countries.(4)Mr .Brown is going to show me around his computer company .改为被动句应按规则是I am going to be shown around his computer company(by Mr .Brown).　　

根据主动语态后接一般将来时改为被动语态结构的规则，请耐心做下面练习：　　

(1) He is going to set a table in order to invite the guests to dinner tomorrow. 　　

(2) We are going to do some sewing the day after tomorrow.　　

(3) They will set up a lot of tall buildings in a few weeks’ time. 　　

(4) I am going to learn much practice next Tuesday.　　

6.主动语态和过去将来时使用，改成被动语态时，应该将主动语态中的宾语改为被动语态中的主语，然后加上was/were going to be done 或would be done结构，再跟介词by短语。如：　　

(1)Miss White said she was going to fly the kite next Wednesday.改为被动语态时应是Miss White said the kite was going to be flown next Wednesday.(2)They told me they were going to stop the factory from pouring the poisonous water into the rivers.这是一句由宾语从句引导的过去将来时结构改为被动语态时，应在主从句中都该I was told that the factory was going to be stopped from pouring the poisonous water into the rivers.(3)He said his mother was going to fetch some water soon.这也是一句由宾语从句引导的过去将来时结构改为被动语态时，应在从句中改He said some water was going to be fetched by his mother soon.(4)Mr .Zhang asked when she would finish her work.这应改为Mr. Zhang asked when her work would be finished .　　

根据上面的规则，请将如下句子改为被动语态：　　

(1) He told me he would help his sister do some housework.　　

(2) She said her brother would draw many beautiful pictures.　　

(3) .The fisherman said he was going to cast a net every morning.　　

(4) They told her that her parents were going to bring a good many story books in a week.　　

7.主动语态中的主语后同现在完成时或过去完成时连用，改成被动句时，应将主动语态中的宾语变成被动语态中的主语，用have/has been done 或had been done结构，再跟介词by短语。如：(1)The scientists have sent up many man-made satellites into space since liberation in our country..应改成Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space since liberation in our country.(2)She has had this interesting story-book for a long time.应改成This interesting story-book has been had (by her) for a long time.(3)Li Lei’s nephew said his grandfather had ever caught a bad thief when he was young.这是一个由宾语从句引导的过去完成时结构，改成被动语态时，大多数情况下只要改从句即可。Li Lei’s nephew said a bad thief had ever been caught (by his grandfather) when was young.(4)He said he had never stolen her diamond necklace although he saw it.这是一个由宾语从句及表示转折关系的状语从句组成的句子，改成被动语态时，应在从句和状语从句中都改。He said that her diamond necklace had never been stolen although it was seen by him.　　

根据主动语态改成被动语态的规则，动词时态接现在完成时或过去完成时连用，请仔细做下面练习：　　

(1) We have completed six important projects since two years ago.　　

(2) Mr. Green has cleaned the bedroom for several times.　　

(3) She told me that she had never given her old father such a nice gift before.　　

(4) He said that he had already planted some more trees when he studied at school.　

8.主动语态后接情态动词连用时，改为被动语态时，应将主动句中的宾语提到句前作主语，然后加上情态动词can/must/may/should be 加动词的过去分词形式。如：(1)We must finish these exercises before supper.改成被动语态应是These exercises must be finished before supper.(2)I can put those sentences into Japanese.改成被动语态应为Those sentences can be put into Japanese (by me).(3)They should throw away those useless things.改成被动语态应为Those useless things should be thrown away.(4)The students may recycle their textbooks.改为被动结构应是Their textbooks may be recycled (by the students).

根据情态动词主动语态改被动语态的规则,请将下面句子改成被动语态:

(1)The little girl can empty the trash.

(2)Many students in our school can use their computers fluently.

(3)They should stop the movement from going on.

(4)You must save electricity and water.

(5)He may surf the Internet when he is free.

此外,被动语态还可以同need ,ought to 后分别接动词的ing 形式、to be 后接动词过去分词以及be 加过去分词形式连用。如:(1) Those machines need repairing.(2)This watch needs to be repaired/mended.(3)The students ought to/should be allowed to wear their own clothes at school.

当然,被动语态除了可以和上述的动词时态及情态动词连用外,还可以再同其它的动词时态连用,在此就不在一一列举。

其实，主动语态和被动语态结构在英语学习中并不难，只要掌握它的基本规律，就能得心应手，运用自如，祝愿英语学习者对英语越来越喜欢，在新的一年里不断取得进步。　　

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